U3

THE ORIGINS  

  • First humanoids in centra Africa. 
  • No shelter nor fire 
  • moved northwards 
  • HOMO HABILIS 
  • HOMO ERECTUS 
  • fire and shelter 
  • HUTS: beginning of architecture 
  • fireplace=congregation 
  • HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS 
  • caverns 
  • community-orientated 
  • symbolism 
  • burials 
  • HOMO SAPIENS 
  • sculptures 
  • huts covered with skin and bones 
  • large families 
  • permanent housing 
  • Neolithic city 
  • defensive wall 
  • no streets 
  • adobe and wood 

hole in the ceiling 

PROTOHISTORY 

  • cities between Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia) 

EGYPTIANS 

  • Nile River+ Sun= axes  
  • TEMPLES: main building, gods’house 
  • continuity &order 
  • PYRAMIDS: veneration of life, IMHOTEPH (mastaba-stepped pyramid) 

GREEKS 

  • foundation western culture 
  • balance 
  • honour gods 
  • POLIS: grid-based,Agora, community 
  • TEMPLES: main building, great facades,technical perfection,harmony 
  • THEATERS&STADIUMS: open-air,excellent acoustic, landscape 
  • HOUSING: hardly interior space, central peristyle 

THE ROMANS 

  • spread their culture 
  • grandiose scale 
  • concrete 
  • great engineering works 
  • CIVILWORK: sewage, aqueducts, bridges, walls. Commemorative buildings 
  • PUBLIC BUILDINGS: thermal baths, theatres, circus, basilica, amphitheatres 
  • CITIES: orthogonal, Greek colonies, forum, (basilica)-CARDO & DECUMANUS 
  • RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS: naturalism, vitality, TUSCAN, Etruscans (arches and vaults) PANTHEON  
  • HOUSING: DOMUS (rich, facilities, decoration) INSULAE (plebeians, low quality,)